Growing Up Speaking Spanish Essay -- Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Chi

Growing Up Speaking Spanish Many people emigrate to the united States from different countries to begin a better life. Once in the American territory, the first step for success is to learn the English language. Richard Rodriguez, the writer of Aria A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood describes the language decisions he faced as a child Outside the house was humanity society inwardly the house was private (16). The English language is the primary language in the United States, and it must be learned to be competent to communicate with the public world. The language that we speak at home is considered to be private because it is and used in the presence of the people we feel comfortable with, our family. Families immigrate to the United States from Mexico to find and give their children a better opportunity to succeed. The children of immigrants who have been raised or born in the United States were able to adapt much fleet to the English language. The Spanish language , in the case of Mexicans, is part of our origin that most of us inherit from our ancestors although in the United States many, including me, seem to add a new language, which gives us better opportunities. My parents decided to immigrate to the United States when I was six years of age. As we established ourselves in the United States, my first language was only Spanish. Spanish was the language that I was taught at home, and it was the only language to be spoken at home. Rodriguez describes when he first entered his classroom where he was introduced to a full-dress English-speaking context, writing that, ?I remember to start with that day in Sacramento-a California now nearly thirty years past-when I first entered a classroom, able to understa... ... In conclusion, learning English was a challenge when it was first introduced to me, but now I have overcome that challenge. I am able to defend myself in the outside public world of English with no shame at all. I no w understand how fortunate I am to know another language different from my own. For me, it is important to still have my first language because it is a path to retain the Mexican culture. It is just the way I was raised to believe. Works CitedMalpezzi, Frances M., and William M. Clements. ?Conversation.? Italian-American Folklore. Little Rock August, 1992. 43-57.Mellix, Barbara. ?From Outside, In.? Writing Lives Exploring Literacy and Community. advanced York St. Martin?s, 1996. 75-84.Rodriguez, Richard. ?Aria A Memoir of a Bilingual Education.? Hunger of Memory The Education of Richard Rodriguez. New York Bantam, 1982. 11-40.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- essays research pap

Lorraine Hansberrys novel, A Raisin in the sunniness, revolves around a middle-class African-American family, attempt during World War II. By edition about the Youngers true to animateness experiences, one learns many important life lessons. One of the same would be that a person should incessantly put familys needs before their own. There are many examples of this throughout the novel. Just a a couple of(prenominal) of these would be the example of compassion and her unborn baby, Walter regaining the respect of his family, and Mama and her unselfish ways. The scratch line event that shows one should always put family beforeoneself is the slip of paper of Ruth and her unborn baby. At first, Ruth is thinking about having an abortion, and has already paid a five-dollar down payment to the doctor. She explains to Walter her reasoning for such drastic measures by saying, IIm aristocratic about this new baby, Walter. I guess maybe I better go on and do what I started I guess I just didnt realize how bad things was with us I guess I just didnt realize.(87) Ruth is passing play to destroy this baby because she gets that she and Walter just do not scram enough money to support some other family member, and feels that she and Walter will only bring the baby into a world of fighting. Beneatha also has influence on Ruths decision by asking, where is he going to live? On the roof?(58). Beneatha feels that if Ruth has another baby it would just complicate the support situation, which is strenuous enough as it is. Later, even with all of this negative energy, Ruth comes to realize that she should not take the life of her baby and decides to keep it. One of her reasons for this channelise of heart is that her and Walter have been clingting along much better, and their constant fighting was one of the main reasons she did not loss to have the baby in the first place. Also, now that they are all moving into a new theatre, there will be enough manner for the baby. In the end, although having an abortion seems like an clear way out, Ruth instead thinks about the babys life rather than her own, and chooses not to terminate her pregnancy.another(prenominal) example that proves this, is when Walter gives away his and Beneathas money to debauch a liquor store, and loses it all. He then tries to get the money back by selling their new house to Mr. Lindner, although the only reason Mr. Lindner wants to sully it is becau... ... buy the family a new house so that Travis would have a better place to grow up. Mama could have spent that money on something she wanted, further instead bought something that would make the whole family happy. After she buys their new house, Mama gives Beneatha $3000 dollars towards college and gives Walter $3500 dollars to better his future. Mama has given all of the damages money to the hoi polloi she cares about, and kept none of it for herself. She thought about her childrens future and decided to invest the money towards a better life for them. This is a very unselfish act on Mamas part, a perfect example of putting family before oneself.Although sometimes large number can get wrapped up in events that they feel only concern themselves, they should always take a moment to think about how their actions could be affecting the people they love. Friends will always come and go, unless family is forever. If a person wants to stay close to their family, they have to consider things from both theirs and the other persons points of view. For love, people have to sacrifice things that they might not want to, but they have to love their families enough to help them before they help themselves. Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- essays research pap Lorraine Hansberrys novel, A Raisin in the Sun, revolves around a middle-class African-American family, struggling during World War II. By reading about the Youngers true to life experiences, one learns many import ant life lessons. One of the aforementioned would be that a person should always put familys needs before their own. There are many examples of this throughout the novel. Just a few of these would be the example of Ruth and her unborn baby, Walter regaining the respect of his family, and Mama and her unselfish ways. The first event that shows one should always put family beforeoneself is the case of Ruth and her unborn baby. At first, Ruth is thinking about having an abortion, and has already paid a five-dollar down payment to the doctor. She explains to Walter her reasoning for such drastic measures by saying, IIm sorry about this new baby, Walter. I guess maybe I better go on and do what I started I guess I just didnt realize how bad things was with us I guess I just didnt realize.(87) Ruth is going to destroy this baby because she feels that she and Walter just do not have enough money to support another family member, and feels that she and Walter will only bring the baby into a world of fighting. Beneatha also has influence on Ruths decision by asking, where is he going to live? On the roof?(58). Beneatha feels that if Ruth has another baby it would just complicate the living situation, which is strenuous enough as it is. Later, even with all of this negative energy, Ruth comes to realize that she should not take the life of her baby and decides to keep it. One of her reasons for this change of heart is that her and Walter have been getting along much better, and their constant fighting was one of the main reasons she did not want to have the baby in the first place. Also, now that they are all moving into a new house, there will be enough room for the baby. In the end, although having an abortion seems like an easy way out, Ruth instead thinks about the babys life rather than her own, and chooses not to terminate her pregnancy.Another example that proves this, is when Walter gives away his and Beneathas money to buy a liquor store, and loses it all. He then tries to get the money back by selling their new house to Mr. Lindner, although the only reason Mr. Lindner wants to buy it is becau... ... buy the family a new house so that Travis would have a better place to grow up. Mama could have spent that money on something she wanted, but instead bought something that would make the whole family happy. After she buys their new house, Mama gives Beneatha $3000 dollars towards college and gives Walter $3500 dollars to better his future. Mama has given all of the insurance money to the people she cares about, and kept none of it for herself. She thought about her childrens future and decided to invest the money towards a better life for them. This is a very unselfish act on Mamas part, a perfect example of putting family before oneself.Although sometimes people can get wrapped up in events that they feel only concern themselves, they should always take a moment to think about how their actions could be affecting the people they love. Fri ends will always come and go, but family is forever. If a person wants to stay close to their family, they have to consider things from both theirs and the other persons points of view. For love, people have to sacrifice things that they might not want to, but they have to love their families enough to help them before they help themselves.

Authenticity of The Great Santini :: essays research papers

Comparison Between Movie and Hi taradiddleAfter watching the movie from Hollywood and reading the actual thoughts of Pat Conroy of whom the story is based on, there is significant evidence supporting the basis that The Great Santini was made on and Hollywood very accurately filmed The Great Santini.It isnt to say that all military veterans were abusive and hard on their families. However, men in the military return from the service and seem to take a massive sense of pride in their families and America. To this day some pile are the same instruction as Bull Meechum. There are many similarities among Bull Meechum and Donald Conroy. For instance, they both lived life in the fast lane and to its full extent. In the movie, Bull Meechum mentions how fast and free it feels to fly. Donald Conroy also felt the same way as he flew over the American troops and proceeded to bomb the Koreans. They were both alike in the aspect that they lived for an adrenaline rush. Meechum and Conroy both loved life and lived it to its greatest. The two men also were excellent soldiers. Donald Conroy was said to at one time, been the most decorated man in the military. Bull Meechum moved his family to South Carolina in society to take a position in training other pilots. Although neither were great family men, both soldiers had been trained in the art of killing other people as quickly and as many as they could. Another similarity that Donald Conroy had with Bull Meechum was the way he pushed his family to be better and tougher. In his eulogy, it states that if Donald Conroy would have seen the weeping that his family cried at his death, he would have yelled at them and been embarrassed of the fact that his boys were behaving like girls. They both wanted the best for their family. Since the movie is based on a true story, there arent very many parts that happen in the movie that never happened. The movie is extremely accurate in its characterisation of the military emotionally har dened father.

Cry, the Beloved Country :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Cry, the Beloved Country   In Cry, the Beloved Country, the author, Alan Paton used two main characters to present both the whites and Africans point of view. James Jarvis, Patons European characters experience a subtle but yet also impacting transition His indifference towards the evolving problems of the society later surprisingly transformed into the courage to take actions in resolving power these problems. Through his journey in Johannesburg, trying to understand his sons liberal view and witnessing a downfall of an African girl, Jarvis found out that his apathy only turn the predicaments faced by his country For he could not be a spectator after his sons death, Jarvis decided to ... nigh doing whatever good is within his power. However, Jarvis discovered that such(prenominal) thing helping Africans in anywhere he could is not lightly done, but required boldness and determination to fulfill these goals.   As the book II of Cry, the Beloved Country unfolded, Paton de scribed Jarvis as a white British farmer looking down at the valley from his high place, an narrow minded person who only saw things from his point of view, ... if they Africans got more land, and if by some chance they could make a living off from it, who would work on the white mans farm?. In his stay at Johannesburg, Jarvis well-read that his recent murdered son, Arthur Jarvis who fought and spoke about the very problems of the society that his father ignores and avoids. Yes, he Arthur Jarvis was always speaking here and there ... Native crime, and more native schools, and he kicked up a hell of a dust in the papers about the conditions at the noneuropean hospital.. Devastated by the death of his deceased son and confused by this boy of his who had gone journeying in strange water, Jarvis found himself parentage to doubt his principles and moral. I didnt know it would ever be so important to understand him Arthur Jarvis Indeed, Jarvis found that indifference is slowly degener ating the society around him, ...she went to the bad and started to create from raw stuff liquor ...she was arrested and sent to jail... I do not know... And I do not care. Later, as Jarvis comes upon an essay written by his son, From them James and Mary Jarvis I Arthur Jarvis learned all that a child should learn of honor and charity and generosity.

The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder Essay -- Health Eating D

The Dangers of Living with an Eating DisorderImagine waking up every morning, struggling to get out of bed. The room spins. Stumbling over to the mirror, you study and criticize every last inch of your body as the words fat, ugly, superfluous echo in your head.You then stagger to the bathroom, using the wall to hold you up. You dont remember the last time you ate a prevalent meal. Stepping on the scale will determine your mood for the day. If it has decreased since yesterday, you have succeeded if it has stayed the same, or worse, g superstar up, those voices inside your head become stronger, telling you how useless you are. end-to-end your day, you skip meals and avoid food at all costs, or binge on whatever food is in sight and secretly purge in bathrooms where nobody can hear you. Or like many women in this country, you flip-flop between both of these behaviors.For approximately seven million American women, this is their reality. This is the deportment of a woman with an eati ng disorder.I needed to lose weightfast, said 18-year-old Liss of Boston. So I started reckoning calories, and then counting meals, and then counting pounds, and then inches. I had lost 20 pounds in one month. Not too shabby I thought to myself. The weight loss became an obsession and it took over.Lisss story is all too common. What begins as a diet to lose a few pounds becomes an obsession. Young women across the country become fixated with numbers on the scale, numbers of calories, fat, carbohydrates, inches, etc. The two most dangerous eating disorders are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Bulimia is characterized as a disorder in which a mortal binges on large amounts of food, well past the point of fullness, and then purge... ...r because they feel as if their eating disorder defines them they are nothing without it. Ed wants you to think that he is your identity, Schaefer said. But that is a lie you are not your eating disorder. You are you. He tells you that he is what makes you special.Schaefer admits that she also believed that her eating disorder defined her at one point in her life as well. However, she then went on to learn that all it caused was excruciating pain. Treating my eating disorder like relationship, not a moderate or an illness, really worked for me, Schaefer said.Schaefer also suggests journal writing and being surrounded with good supports.In recovery, it was difficult to connect with Jenni at first, Schaefer said. But with lots of assiduity and persistence, I eventually found her, and I am thrilled to now be living a life without Ed.

Leadership Essay -- Leader Leadership

LeadershipThere atomic number 18 at least two things you can say about leadership without sounding fatheaded or exaggerating, 1) Leaders are important, and secondly 2) There is always a leadership crisis of one kind or another, at any given epoch e.g. shortage or incompetence, evil, crooked, inadequate, you name it. As simplistic as these statements may sound, they are paramount to any study or discussion of leadership and its effectiveness. In this paper, I would like to elaborate upon whatsoever qualities of a good leader, the relationship among leaders and the followers, the difference between a leader and a manager, between leadership and authority, and finally touch upon the possible evils and misuse of power and leadership positions.We have all heard that leaders are born and not made. I do not agree with this statement in the least. While some leadership qualities are innate to all people, the most notable leaders are churned out after years of experience and practice of certain skill-sets. powerful leaders are rare. They are created through the trials and tribulations of managing or working with people in a variety of settings. Most good leaders have had their fair share of hard knocks that awakened them to the greater potential within their scope of influence. Effective leaders are excellent communicators, able to speak the many languages of the individuals within the groups they lead. A good leader pays attention to the facts and then makes decisions based on object lens analysis of those facts.Effective leaders naturally motive people from their actions, which include showing respect, listening, reflecting, and negotiating through conflict. Leaders encourage and empower people to achieve conquest rather than place blame. Leaders ... ...isuse power because those with power feel morally superior. There is one school of thought that believes that power corrupts slowly and gradually, while some others believe that those who misuse their position , do so in bold strikes. Leaders inherently have power and influence over their followers. There have been instances in history where leaders are granted god-like status, with absolute right to making judgments. This is true even in some cases in todays world vis--vis national and ghostly leaders of major faiths. Leaders can also take advantage of the general reluctance to take on responsibility and accountability. By being free to take on those burdens, a charismatic leader can amass a range of powers, including those that are in conflict, such as the power both to propose and approve acquisitions or to execute and account for securities transactions.

Handstar Inc Essay

Handstar Inc. was created a little over four years ago by two college roommates to develop packet applications for hand-held computing devices. It has since grown to ten employees with yearly gross sales approaching $1. 5 million. Handstars original crop was an write off report application that al smalled users to record expenses on their handheld computers and then import these expenses into a spreadsheet that then create an expense report in one of five standard formats.Based on the achievement of its first product, Handstar subsequently developed three additional software products a program for tracking and measuring the performance of investment portfolios- a calendar program, and a program that allowed users to download their email messages from their PC and read them on their handheld computers. The two founders of Handstar have recently become concerned about the competitiveness of their offerings, especially since none of them has been updated after their initial launch .Therefore, they asked the directors of product victimization and marketing to puddle together and prepare a list of potential projects for updating Handstars real offerings as well as to develop ideas for additional offerings. The directors were also asked to estimate the development costs of the various projects, product revenues, and the likelihood that Handstar could retain or go for a leadership federal agency for the given product. Also, with the increasing popularity of the Internet, the founders asked the directors to evaluate the extent to which the products made use of the Internet.The product development and marketing directors identified three projects connect to updating Handstars existing products. The first project would integrate Handstars current calendar program with its email program. Integrating these two applications into a one program would provide a number of benefits to users such as allowing them to automatically enter the dates of meetings into the c alendar based on the content of an email message. The directors estimated that this project would engage 1250 hours of software development cadence.Revenues in the first year of the products launch were estimated to be $750,000. However, because the directors expected that a large percentage of the users would likely bring forward to this immature product soon after its introduction, they projected that annual sales would decline by 10 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that Handstar was fairly likely to obtain a leadership position in email/calendar programs if this project were undertaken and felt this program made moderate use of the Internet. The stake project related to updating the expense report program.The directors estimated that this project would require 400 hours of development time. Sales were estimated to be $250,000 in the first year and to emergence 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors speculated that completing thi s project would almost certainly maintain Handstars leadership position in the expense report category, although it made little use of the Internet. The last product enhancement project required enhancing the existing portfolio tracking program. This project would require 750 hours of development time and would generate first-year sales of $500,000.Sales were projected to increase 5 percent annually in subsequent years. The directors felt this project would have a high probability of maintaining Handstars leadership position in this category and the product would make moderate use of the Internet. The directors also identified three opportunities for new products. One project was the development of a spreadsheet program that could share files with spread-sheet programs written for PCs. Developing this product would require 2500 hours of development time. First-year sales were estimated to be $1,000,000 with an annual growth rate of 10 percent.While this product did not make use of the Internet, the directors felt that Handstar had a moderate chance of obtaining a leadership position in this product category. The second new product opportunity identified was a Web browser. Developing this product would require 1875 development hours. First-year sales were estimated to be $2,500,000 with an annual growth rate of 15 percent. Although this application made extensive use of the Internet, the directors felt that there was a very low probability that Handstar could obtain a leadership position in this product category.The final product opportunity identified was a trip planner program that would work in conjunction with a PC connected to the Web and download travel instructions to the users handheld computer. This product would require 6250 hours of development time. First-year sales were projected to be $1,300,000 with an annual growth rate of 5 percent. Like the Web browser program, the directors felt that there was a low probability that Handstar could obtain a l eadership position in this category, although the program would make extensive use of the Internet.In evaluating the projects, the founders believed it was reasonable to assume each product had a three-year life. They also felt that a discount rate of 12 percent fairly reflected the companys cost of capital. An analysis of pay-roll records indicated that the cost of software developers is $52 per hour including salary and fringe benefits. Currently there are four software developers on staff, and each works 2500 hours per year. Which option should they choose?

Psychological Inquiry Essay

Discuss the role of the re calculate maneuverer in psychological inquiry, referring to at least two of heuristic program and hermeneutics. The role of the research worker in psychological inquiry has traditionally focused on the manner and means of developing valid and real general experience ab issue the human realm. The researcher is concerned with working out a step-by-step method that, if he will follow properly, would assure the correctness of his findings. The researcher should include using a statistical analysis method that infers the general characteristics of a population by examining only a poseed number of its members. Then, at a lower placelying in this kind of psychological inquiry is that the researcher should apply its generalized association in secernicular situations. In addition, the researcher should produce valid and reliable general knowledge. The logic of practice inquiry assumed in this move is that the psychological inquiry consists of determining which set of therapeutic techniques work with the kind of lymph gland being treated. As well be developed, the researcher should based non on a general to specific logic, that on a contextualized dialogic in the midst of a particular researcher and a particular client. In the main, psychology has held that psychological inquiry should consist of applying the knowledge that is generated by research inquiries. Psychological research, pastime models of research developed for the physical and biological sciences, aims at discovering the consistent and regular relations that hold across human behaviors, musical themes and feelings.It produces generalized knowledge claims in a logical form If a person is a member of a category (e.g. phobic), then he/she will likely respond in a specific manner to an environmental event (e.g. cognitive restructuring). This reasonableness of the researchers role simply involves determining the category of which the client is an instance (diagnosis) a nd then utilizing those research-established techniques that substantiate been show to produce the desired outcome for this kind of client. This traditional role of researcher the application of research-developed general knowledge to specific situations- misdescribes the way researchers actually work with the research. Researchers work in particular situations with a particular news report. Practice inquiry role of the researcher, is for the most part, carried out without conscious deliberation about what should be d mavin. The researcher should have the role of an ongoing conversation. When researchers non-deliberative activities appear not to advance the study toward their goals, researchers engage in practical problem-solving. Researchers performances are informed by their practical knowledge kinda than by research-generated generalized knowledge. Researchers consistently report (e.g. Marten & Heimberg, 1995 Stiles, 1992) that they rarely look to generalized research findin gs in determining what they do with the inquiry. Instead, their actions draw on their experience experiences, their discussions with other researchers, and clinically based literature. The gap between the traditional model of application and psychological practice has been problematic, if not embarrassing, for the discipline. The disciplines call that researchers limit their therapeutic actions to empirically validated sets of techniques (Nathan & Goran, 1998) continues the traditional model of application. An alternate direction for psychology is inquiry that actually researchers activity. Two basic philosophical responses, the heuristics and hermeneutics, were proposed to the notion that in that respect can be no authoritative knowledge. French postmodernists such as Deleuze and Gutari (1987) and Foucault (1979) are heuristics. They counseled that people resist the constriction of possibilities that inheres in the belief in certain knowledge. The awareness that knowledge is unc ertain provides a release form the restraining power of culturally imposed norms clothed as necessary, natural or universal knowledge (Bernstein, 1992). The end of epistemology makes it viable for people to destabilize and subvert culturally dominant forces and thereby gain power over their own self-formation. The concern of the heuristics was a prescription drug of how to live in a world without certainties (McGowan, 1991).The hermeneutics refer a shift from instruction about how to live without certainty. That is, how people practically deal with the world and others to obtain everyday tasks and achieve their goals, even though their knowledge is not certain. Because of the postmodern rejection of the notion that true knowledge can be methodologically generated, the study of researcher inquiry becomes essential. If the research inquiry does not produce trustworthy knowledge, the notion that practice should consist of application of this knowledge to a particular situations is u ndercut. The philosophical study of how people inquire about what to do focuses on the everyday activities in which people are engaged and not specifically on inquiry in psychological practice. The two most all-important(prenominal) philosophers to study peoples everyday inquiry are Heidegger and Gadamer.Heideggers Being and Time (1962) was pivotal in bringing Continental philosophys attention to everyday inquiry. Gadamer, who was a student of Heidegger, extended Heideggers position to include the study of how everyday collar takes place. I am particularly interested in what Gadamers hermeneutics to sympathy how psychological researchers determine what to say and do.Gadamer mistrusted experimental science, as he understood it. Weinsheimer (1985) points out that Gadamers view of science is of the pre-1960s variety, and that some of his characterizations of the methods of natural science are now no longer tenable (p. 20). Gadamers heritage was the continental hermeneutic tradition t hat reached back to Schleiermacher. Gadamer advanced from a hermeneutic of text interpretation to a philosophical hermeneutics, that is, a general possibility of how people understand and how this apprehension informs action.Demonstrate your knowledge of Freud, Jung, Hillman and the philosophical commitments of discernment psychology.The term depth psychology is the container for a number of psychologies that concern themselves with the unconscious mind. Though its existence was known and utilized by mesmerists and hypnotists (Meissner, 2000), the unconscious gained its first scientific foothold in modern times with Freud. However, the psyche recovered its greater depths in Jungian psychology and Hillmans (1975) prototypical psychology, In all, the rational, intentional human mind, waking consciousness, or gift of reason, is only one player in a much larger field of consciousness.These depth psychologists believe that the ego consciousness, our daytime I, is not the master of th e psychological house. They feel this was proven early on by the word association tests (Jung, 1910, 1970), where the individual, after an sign ease with associating words with given prompts, would begin to take extra long for some responses, draw blanks, give answers that rhymed.The unexpected or what went wrong, when taken together would practically exhibit a thematic quality, be connected to returning emotions, memories, repressed instincts, which came to be known as the complexes. The word association tests demonstrated that in pique of our intentions, something other, not known to the daytime I, could interfere and participate in our behavior. Over the years, the metaphoric characters and the inner dramas of the complexes led psychologists to call their approach to the psyche a poetical basis of mind (Hillman, 1975, p. xi).Since the appearance of Freuds Interpretation of Dreams in 1900, the existence of the unconscious has held as a psychological fact. The exact nature of w hat is in the unconscious is what distinguishes the different depths of the depth psychologies. For Freud, the unconscious contained various forms of instinct and memory in the form of complexes, a individual(prenominal) unconscious that had emotional and somatic/physical attributes.For Jung (1959), that personal unconscious rested upon an even deeper layer, the collective unconscious or the objective psyche, which was far more ancient than an individual lifetime and contained the primordial images, the archetypes. The archetypes featured not only emotional and somatic attributes, but in any case spiritual and worldly attributes that appeared in vision, dream and synchronicity. Synchronicity is Jungs word for the meaningful coincidences that are part and parcel of deep psychological experience. For Jung, the objective psyche also contained a guiding, organizing center, the Self, very much like the Hindu Parusha, the God Within.Hillman (1975) wished to keep psychology still from t he dogmatism of Jungs Self. He said that our psychological depths do contain archetypes, but they are best served by an understanding that respects their full autonomy. In other words, for Hillman, the depths are polycentric and if there is a Self, we honor it best by not dictating how it should behave. Hillman pushes archetypal theory to its fullest stature.For him, an archetype and a God, in the classic (e.g., Greek or polytheistic) sense of the word, are the same. Additionally, he prefers the word soul to the words personal or collective unconscious. Hillman amplified the term soul by using these think words mind, spirit, heart, life, warmth, humanness, personality, individuality, intentionality, essence, innermost purpose, emotion, quality, virtue, virtuousity, sin, wisdom, death, God (Hillman, 1964, p. 44).Jungian idea of the collective unconscious as the most serviceable in the creation of an ecopsychology (p. 302). Today we call this theory Gala. Earth itself is a living b eing and through our becoming conscious, she becomes conscious the collective unconscious, at its deepest level, shelters the compacted ecological intelligence of our species, the source from which culture finally unfolds as the self-conscious reflection of natures own steadily emergent mindlikeness (p. 301).Evaluate heuristic and hermeneutics.The heuristic psychology was based on a preferably simple idea. The theory was designed to explain the prevalence of cognitive biases in reasoning tasks and the puzzling fact that logical competence demonstrated on one task often failed to be exhibited on another (Evans, 1989). The heuristic analytic theory proposed that two kinds of cognitive process were involved heuristic processes, which generated selective giftations of problem content, and analytic processes, which derived inferences or judgments from these representations. Biases were accounted for by the proposal that logically relevant information talent be omitted or logically irr elevant information included at the heuristic stage. Since analytic reasoning could be applied only to these heuristically formed representations, biases could result.In the revised theory, the heuristic-analytic terminology is retained, with an attempt to define more precisely the nature of the interaction between the two processes and to assist in the generation of experimental predictions about particular reasoning tasks. At the same time, assumptions about dual systems are kept to a minimum.The present account draws heavily on the theory of hypothetical thinking put forward by Evans, Over, and Handley (2003) in an attempt to gain greater understanding of how the analytic (or explicit) system works and how it interacts with the heuristic (or implicit) system. Evans, Over, and Handley (2003) were attempting to advance in more specific terms the idea proposed by Evans and Over (1996) that the analytic system is involved whenever hypothetical thought is required. Hypothetical thinki ng involves the imagination of possibilities that go beyond the representation of factual knowledge about the world. Examples include hypothesis testing, forecasting, consequential decision do, and (on certain assumptions) deductive reasoning.The relevance principle concerns the generation of mental models and hypotheses by the heuristic system. It refers to the powerful tendency to contextualize all problems with reference to prior knowledge fire by contextual cues and the current goals that are being pursued. This has been described as the fundamental computational bias by Stanovich (1999), although the term bias should certainly not be taken here in a pejorative sense. Given the notorious frame problem of artificial intelligence, we might describe the fundamental computational bias in computers as the failure to contextualize problems.What Stanovich (1999) is getting at is the fact that we need, in a modern technological society, to be capable also of abstract, decontextualize d reasoning, which he believes the analytic system can achieve. Note that the relevance principle contrasts with the principle of truth in the mental model theory (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 2002), in which it is proposed that people represent only true possibilities. By default, I assume that people represent what is believable or plausible (true is too strong a term) but also that this default can be altered according to context. Our attention can easily be focused on hypotheses that are improbable (buying health indemnification to cover emergencies on a particular vacation) or most improbable (thinking about the consequences of life being discovered on Mars).The heuristic-analytic theory does not prolong an original or profound solution to the problem of how relevant knowledge is delivered by the heuristic system. However, in our proposals about mental representations, we have drawn on the notion that implicatures may be added to our mental models (Evans & Over, 2004).The disciplin e called hermeneutics has been thriving for more than 300 years. Hermeneutics has played an increasingly influential role in what PoIkinghorne (1983) calls the long believe in modern times over the proper mode of inquiry in the human sciences. Should they emulate the methods of the natural sciences or develop their own classifiable approach? Are human beings different in kind from objects in the natural world Are they requiring such a different approach? Hermeneutics as a self-conscious procedure arose in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, concerned mainly with the interpretation of the bible and classic texts.Even though these works were consulted for important insights or truths concerning human life, reflective interpretation was often felt to be required because, as the modern world dawned, they seemed to be products of quite different and evenhandedly alien cultures of the past. Also, the Reformation had, in many quarters, undermined the Churchs exclusive authority to in terohmpret the Bible. Friedrich Schliermacher (1768-1834) broadened the scope of hermeneutics and clarified the role of the famous hermeneutic circle, according to which our understanding of any part of a text, work of art, or individual life is shaped by our initial or assumed understanding of the whole of it, at the same time that our understanding of that whole is continually revised by our encounter with and modified understanding of its parts.Some hermeneutic philosophers (Heidegger, 1962 Gadamer, 1989 Guignon, 1983 Taylor, 1989), sometimes termed ontological hermeneutics, might contribute to a more plausible picture of the world and the place of humans in it that would be open to religious claims and meanings. Also, I will fire a few key ways in which such an ontology calls for a revised understanding of the aims and methods of the social sciences, including psychology. Finally, I suggest that a hermeneutic attitude gives us insights into what might be the most fruitful kind of interaction between psychology and pietism.Some view them as essentially in conflict, of course, art object others avoid such conflict by sealing them off from another in separate spheres. Neither approach is very helpful, obviously, to religiously inclined psychologists who essential to draw in their work on possibly valid ideas from each realm. At this point, the alternative of seeking an intellectually and spiritually sound integration of religion and psychology beckons. From a hermeneutic standpoint, much of the spirit of this approach seems right on target, but still the idea or theory of integrating these handle seems flawed in important ways that call for rethinking the nature of their interchange.Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) expanded Schliermachers ideas into a general theory of interpretation for the human sciences. A purely naturalistic view of inquiry in the human sciences began to harden with the publication of John Stuart Mills influential System of Logic in 184 3, which presented a philosophical and logical foundation for empiricism and advocated the use of natural science methods in the study of human phenomenon as the only cure for what Mill thought of as the backward state of the moral sciences. However, Dilthey argued forcefully that we simply do not understand our objects in the human studies or human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) by subsuming them under general laws.We explain nature man we must understand (Dilthey, 195.8, p. 144). Rather, in these disciplines we need to forge new models for the interpretation of human phenomena derived from the character of lived experience itself to be based on categories of meaning instead of power, history instead of mathematics (Palmer, 1969, p. 103).1 In these fields, according to Dilthey, we immediately grasp the meaning or import of a work of art or historical event in terms of categories of significance, purpose, or value, through a combined exercise of all our powers of cognitive refle ction, empathy, and moral imagination.At the start of the twentieth century, a major fault in hermeneutic thought took place, reflecting the growing awareness that devising rules for interpreting humans is unrealistic and that the whole fascination with method is a byproduct of the very scientism being called in question. The result was a shift from seeing hermeneutics as primarily epistemological or methodological, where the aim is developing an art or technique of interpretation, to todays ontological hermeneutics, which aims to clarify the being of the entities that interpret and understand, namely, ourselves (Richardson, Powers, & Guignon, 1999).An essential part of this transformation involves becoming clear that the aspiration to pristine, a historical standards for understanding, or truly an Archimedean point for discriminating knowledge from illusion and error, is not only unattainable but reflects, in part, questionable and, in a moral or spiritual sense, somewhat inauth entic motives or goals for humans. I hope to suggest some possible reasons for this claim and provide glimpses of an ontological hermeneutic alternative to scientism, dogmatism, and relativism in the remainder of this article, in line with the effort by some leading thinkers and theologians today to signal a course between Enlightenment foundationalism and postmodern relativism (Browning, 2004).ReferencesAziz, R. ( 1990). C. G. Jungs psvchalogv of religion and syn-chronicity. Albany SUNY.Coppin, J.(2005)The art of inquiry a depth psychological perspective.Evans. J. ST. B. T., & OVER, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. Hove, U.K. psychology Press.Evans, J. ST. B. T., & OVER, D. E. (1989). Explicit representations in hypotheticalthinking. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22, 763-764.Evans, J. ST. B. T., OVER, D. E., & HANDLEY, S. J. (2003). A theory of hypotheticalthinking. In D. Hardman & L. Maachi (Eds.), Thinking Psychologicalperspectives on reasoning, judgement and decision mak ing (pp. 3-22). Chichester,U.K. Wiley.Frankel. R. (1998). The adolescent psyche Jungian ami Winnicottian perspectives. impudentYork Roulledge.Freud. S. (1900/1965). The interpretation of dreams trans. James Strachey. New YorkAvon Books.Gadamer, H. G. (1975). Truth and method. (J. Weinsheimer & D. G. Marshall, Trans.)(Rev. ed.). New York Continuum. (Original work published 1960)Goertzel. V., & Goertzel, M. G. (1962). Cradles of eminence. Boston Little, Brown.Hawke, C. (2000). Jung and the postmodern The interpretation of realities. capital of the United KingdomRoutledge.Heidegger, M. (1990). Nietzsche (Vois 3 & 4). New York Harpe rCollins.Hillman, J.(1964). Suicide and the soul. New York Harper & Row.Hillman, J. (1975). Re-visioning psychology. New York Harper Colophon Books.Hillman, J. (1983). The bad mother An archetypal approach. Spring, I, 165-181.Hillman, J. (1996). The souls code In search of character and calling. New YorkRandom House.Hillman, J. (1999). The force of characte r and the lasting life. New York RandomHouse.Jung, C. G. (1910). The association method. American Journal of Psychology, 31, 219-269.Jung, C. G. (1959). Symbols of transformation. Collected Works (Vol. 5). Princeton, NJBollingen Foundation.Jung, C. G. (1965). Memories, dreams, reflections. New York Vintage.Jung, C. G.(1970) Collected Works. 18 vols. Princeton, NJ Bollingen Foundation.Moustakas, C. (1990)Heuristic research design, methodology and applications. NewberryPark,CA Sage PublicationsStanovich, K. E. ( 1999). Who is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences inReasoning. Mahway, NJ Erlbaum.

Effective Strategies Essay

Some married couples feel that the organization does non compensate its members fairly, or that the organizational work conditions argon less than desirable. Conversely, almost employers feel that unions interfere with management decisions and impede on a validatory human relationship between managers and employees. There may be some truth to some(prenominal) perceptions (Ashford University). I forget provide a detailight-emitting diode explanation of the effective strategies an organization can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with unions, as well as the effective strategies a union can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with management (Ashford University). I go out begin by briefly describing the role of management in an organization. Management is responsible for the smooth take inning of the company. Keeping employees blessed on the job would be one of the duties involved. Keeping up with industry standar ds and always moving forward with innovation, while heeding all safety regulations and laws. Working with and non against the flow of the operation to be successful while making a profit is where management can soar. Secondly I allow briefly dissertate the role of a union in an organization.A basic requirement of unions is that members outflow up their individual rights (e.g., raises based on execution of instrument) to benefit the collective (e.g., woo of supporting increases to all employees). Is this equitable and fair? Well members of unions negotiate as a group with the employer and this ensures much power than if they were just alone on their own. firearm it has been documented that union employees make 27 per centum more than nonunion workers. Ninety- 2 percent of union workers overhear job-related health coverage versus 68 percent for nonunion workers. Union workers also have a great advantage over nonunion workers in securing guaranteed pensions (howstuffworks.co m). This is the bright stance of union membership, so it seems that braggart(a) up rights to hold up these advantages would be sound advice. In my opinion if the union performs the duties the member/employee signed up for, then yes it would be equitable and fair to give up their rights.On the other hand if the unionperformed poorly in its duties, I would consider leaving for other position elsewhere. Some of the positives that involve unions would be the capitalist ideas that make this country what it is today. Unions argon there for each employee who is re maped by them and protected in the work place from unfair tactics. Capitalism is tell towards the pursuit of profits and unions are directed towards the rights of workers. The way these opposing viewpoints can be advantageous, yet destructive, to the business community depends on the way they balance the two. A profits interest is much referred to as a carried interest. A profits interest is typically given as a reward for the performance of services (myllcagreement.com) This method serves as an incentive for partners to become more proactive in pursuing en king-sizeddger and better profits thus contributing towards the companies result (investopedia.com).Growth is essential to the success of the business and the union, without losing sight of the interests of the employee (member). Growth indicates a profit is made and a company should hold in high have in mind the people who made this so. So as a company grows it should ensure the employees are happy and treated fairly. They should not lose sight of the bottom ocellus which is the business itself them and the employees. Unions step up to make sure the employee is treated right with fair conditions and proper raises as the company moves forward. The destructive bit could occur if the employee was not rewarded as the profits increased. An unhappy employee will make for an unsuccessful business.There are some downsides to unions. Let me first say that smites are a big part of what could possibly be the one downside, if issues do not work for the benefit of the employee represented. Although strikes were intended to get managements attention, The incidence of strikes has been almost steadily decreasing, and strikes now consume a minuscule portion of total working timein the neighborhood of one-twentieth of 1 percent in most late years (Sloane, 2010, pg. 4). Many times a settlement takes place which will avert a strike and this is when both sides put on a compromise. If a strike ensues only a percentage of employees profitss are paid, if they participate in picket duty. But, For most unionized employees who agree to strike They stop getting a presentcheck.Their familys healthcare and dental benefits are suspended. They are noteligible to receive state unemployment benefits. Their job can be filled with a replenishment worker.Their job can be impacted in the future, if there is a loss of customers during the strike (cint asfreedomtochoose.com). Depending on the results of the strike, winning or losing could alter the reputation of the union and also of the employer, for better or worse depending on the results. Appropriate circumstances where a strike would be an appropriate negociate tactic would be when a failure to communicate occurs and further negotiations need to happen. A total breakdown in communication is most always when strikes occur. Sometimes though strikes occur in an inappropriate manner and this is when the employee suffers. It is when this happens or when the public welfare is affected that a strike would be deemed inappropriate.There are many global major players are union run, I realistically know that we would be in a world of trouble without them, in example AFL-CIO and the SEIU. To be honest with you I have the impression that unions such as these actually perform better on a political platform. With all the gold and power there comes responsibility, and more often than not w e hear about the corruption unions flex influencing (lobbying) individuals in the position to pass laws with dark money. Dark Money? AFL-CIO accused of campaigning without disclosing (watchdog.org). This in no way seems to be connected with the absolute values unions initially professed, which was to stand up for the worker and give strength to the small guy. Now as things have progressed, the red tape becomes likened to fly paper, very sticky. Unions favorably represent the needs of the higher ups and I give again the article in our vogue Materials about the Bitter Bargain.The bigger the union size the less likely the small guys needs will be met, since large money/power weld negative actions. But with a small union it becomes an intimate task to please your members and therefore a more positive vibe is felt. Selected Evidence About Globalizations Impact on the U.S. Labor Market Effects on Overall Incomes and Wages (dol.gov) is another issue that affects the bottom line of the glo bally competitive work environment. Free trade influences the profits or losses/jobs or unemployment of this country. It makes one wonder if this is not why large unions have become much like a small country with a government playing king of the hill. I will present two strategies/actions an organization canimplement to create and maintain a conducive, working relationship with unions. Employers set the pay scale for each job and two strategies/actions they implement to keep the peace with union members is to use the comparative norm strategy and the ability-to-pay (cost of living increase).There are different circumstances where it would be more appropriate for an organization to follow the comparative norm strategy to determine an employees wage rate, versus the ability-to-pay or the cost of living strategy. Depending on the industry the employee is in will be the determining work out in whether the employer has the capabilities to meet economic demands. There are classifications in the different industries, and even subgroups within the different industries. Another factor at work that divides the comparative norm would be job titles. Each place of work has a different description for job titles and they vary greatly, so in many situations a certain wage would not be appropriate for employees at different work places with the same title. Wage systems are another way that the comparative norm may not work, since the pay may be by hour, incentive systems paid individually, and group incentive systems.Benefits cannot go unnoticed and are a part of the pay system. Depending on where you live in the nation may also have an impact on the wage an employee is given (i.e. cost of living differences). Typically the minimum wage increase I have experience with would be the annual 4% cost of living wage, and this is in the American south west states. Profits made by the company you work for hold major criterion on the ability to pay a cost of living increase. In the e ngineering world in which I worked as a drafter for over 30 years competition to obtain the best workers and keep them is all based on wages and benefits. If some other company wanted to pull you away from your employer, they would offer more money and/or better benefits. I can recall a time when my wages were increased significantly when another company made me an offer.Finally, I will present a minimum of two strategies/actions a union can implement to create and maintain a conducive, working relationship with management. Grievances and arbitration are two of the main strategies/actions that keep the peace while a member of a union. Grievance legal definition A claim by a union or a unionized employee that a collective bargaining agreement has been breached. The formal document in which a union claims that the employer has breached the collectivebargaining agreement and for which, arbitration is convened (duhaime.org). The way the use of the grievance and arbitration processes and procedures can enhance the relationship between a union and management is that is can reach a position that both parties can find common ground and satisfaction. Where this same effort can be destructive is when the breakdown in self-assurance and commitment fall into place where once the opposite was true.Monetary losses occur at this point and sometimes the union fails to properly represent the employee and jaundice occurs. When confusion and uncertainty in the area of employeremployee relations (Sloane, 2010, pg. 217) occurs, both parties lose. In conclusion, we all know that unions have their place in our society and can be run victimization effective strategies that have proven to work in the past and changing those strategies as new ideas surface in the workplace, effectively. There is a place for unions and people who would benefit from them. In assessing the changing complexion of the U.S. labor force two things come to mind baby boomers and immigrants. Why, because these types of workers may find unionization attractive. sassy retirees and new citizens might be looking for jobs where unions have a foothold like grocers.Do not forget the fiasco with the strikers in calcium who fought for 5 months and got something unwanted. United Food and Commercial Workers Union The ratified contract contains no raises for the 70,000 supermarket workers it covers, but it does preserve most health benefits for current employees. However, new workers will receive lower wages and fewer benefits. Many workers said they voted for the contract reluctantly. The lengthy labor dispute took an emotional and financial toll (Bitter Bargain). This will be copied, presumably, by fellow unions, and it leads to a running comment that unions no longer provide for the common worker as its mission statement once led its members to believe. Leaving citizens with less money in their pocket when benefits are not included on payday will erode the backbone of unions.It used to be 35% o f American workers belonged to a union in 1959, now a fraction of that is true. Additionally predictions have commented that some baby boomers will exit the workforce atomic number 82 to a lower (the) overall labor force participation rate, leading to a slowdown in the growth of the labor force (Toossi). This comes from the other side of the podium in the in the debate of how labor force will be affected. The complexion of America has changed and without changing for the better, Ifear unions will run their course, or transform into a totally new idea, without all the corruption that comes with power and money. Unions are here to stay and change is on the way if using effective strategies are on the agenda.ReferencesRetrieved from article by Mitra Toossi http//www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2005/11/art3full.pdfBitter Bargain http//www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/jan-june04/strike_3-1.htmlRetrieved from http//www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/trends/trend sVI.htmSloane, A., Witney, F. (2010). Labor relations. (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. Pearson Learning Solutions. VitalBook file.Retrieved from http//watchdog.org/131467/money-afl-cio-union/Retrieved from http//www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profits-interest.aspRetrieved from http//www.myllcagreement.com/relevant-articles/what_is_the_difference_between_profits_interest_and_capital_interest.htmlRetrieved from http//money.howstuffworks.com/labor-union2.htmRetrieved from http//www.cintasfreedomtochoose.com/strikes.aspRetrieved from http//www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/G/Grievance.aspx

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity Reliability and validity be important with any good-natured of research. Without them research and their results would be handlingless. This paper will see the types of dependableness and validity as wellhead as give examples of each. Both the data collection methods and the data collection instruments utilize in human go research will also be given. This paper will also look into why it is important to ensure that data collection methods as well as the instruments atomic number 18 reliable and valid. ReliabilityThere are several kinds of reliability used in research. The first kind is the alternate-form reliability. This kind of reliability consists of the degree of relatedness of assorted forms of the corresponding test. For example, a mental tests where the questions are changed. The second kind is the internal-consistency reliability. This kind of reliability is the over any degree of relatedness of all items in a test or raters in a judgment study. Internal-consistency is sum of moneyd between different items on the same test.An example of this would be If a respondent expressed agreement with the statements I interchangeable to eat frozen chocolate and Ive enjoyed eating frozen chocolate in the past, and disagreement with the statement I hate frozen chocolate, this would be revelatory of good internal consistency of the test. The third kind is the item-to-item reliability. This kind of reliability is the reliability of any single item on average. An example of this would be the reliability of two items such as a requireion workers hammers that are identical.The last kind of reliability that I will discuss is the test-retest reliability. This kind of reliability consists of the degree of temporal stability (relatedness) of a beat instrument or test, or the characteristic it is designed to evaluate, from one administration to another (Rosnow, 2008). Statics. com (n. d). states, a group of respondents is tested for I Q scores each respondent is tested twice the two tests are, say, a month apart. Then, the correlation coefficient between two sets of IQ-scores is a reasonable measure of the test-retest reliability of this test. (Para. ) It is more reliable because the scores are on average between two separate situations. Validity Proving that the results of the research are correct is called validity. Construct validity refers to whether a scale measures or correlates with the theorized method. An example of this is an employer using selection methods to measure the degree to which a possible new employee has psychological traits called constructs. This includes verbal ability, intelligence, mechanical ability, and leadership ability. Content validity is the sampling of the pertinent material or content that a test intends to measure.An example would be a typing test for a secretary or a test of checkbook balancing for an accountant. Convergent and discriminant validity is the grounds establis hed for a construct ground on the convergence of related tests or behavior (convergent validity) and the distinctiveness of unrelated tests or behavior (discriminant validity). An example of this Trochim (2006), states to show the discriminant validity of a breaker point Start program, we might gather evidence that shows that the program is not similar to other early childhood programs that dont label themselves as breaker point Start programs.Or, to show the discriminant validity of a test of arithmetic skills, we might correlate the scores on our test with scores on tests that of verbal ability, where offset correlations would be evidence of discriminant validity. (Para. 10) Criterion validity is the degree to which a test or questionnaire predicts an outcome based on information from other variables. An example would be high school students grades predict his or her success in college. External validity is the generalization of an inferred causal relationship over different people, settings, manipulations (or treatments), and research outcomes.An example would be using a sample from a population. Face validity is a property of a test intended to measure something. It is the validity of a test at face value or the degree to which a test or other instrument looks as if it is measuring something relevant. An example would be if you have a test to measure whether students can read at a fifth grade level, and the people you show it to all agree that it looks like a good test of fifth grade reading ability, the face validity of the test is shown. Internal validity is the soundness of statements active whether one variable is the caused of a particular outcome.An example would be manipulating the variable in a scientific experiment. Statistical-conclusion validity is the degree to which conclusions about the relationship among variables based on the data are correct or reasonable. An example would be doing a study on the relationship between socioeconomic p recondition and attitudes about free health care. Based on the data, it may be concluded that persons with lower economic status tend to be more opposed. final result validity is the degree to which the conclusion reached is credible or believable (Rosnow, 2008). Data Collection Methods in Human ServicesData collections methods include experiments, clinical trials observing and recording and events, obtaining relevant data from management information systems, and administering surveys with closed-ended questions. It is important to ensure these data collection methods are both reliable and valid because if unreliable and invalid data is used the results of the research would be false. Data Collection Methods in Managerial Research Case studies reveal the strengths and weaknesses within the agency. Case studies analyze results of information obtained from cases pertaining to the population served.The cases are also evaluated against other case studies to see similarities and discrep ancies. Case studies give human service agencies detailed information about the individual and population studied. Performance judgment systems are used by managers to track employees work executing. It is important for these systems to be reliable to objectively and consistently measure the employees performance. All employees activities and result should be measured the same. Without reliability employees would not have faith in his or her manager and the appraisal process.Conclusion Reliability and validity enable human service professionals to use true data and obtain legitimate results. Using these types of reliability and validity allows researchers to provide clients and agencies sound, appropriate conclusions. Using data collection methods managers can improve employee performance and services provided to clients. Reliability and validity ensure accurate data is used in human services research. References Rosnow, R. L. (2008) Beginning Behavioral Research A conceptual Prim er, Retrieved from

Manufacturing Information System Essay

A manufacturing instruction agreement that is targeted for use anywhere production is taking place. Modern manufacturing information systems argon generally computerized and are designed to collect and present the data which managers need in order to plan and direct operations within the company.Capabilities of the System1. The system is able to determine the cost of purchases related to production. 2. The system can also help in cooking and computer programing the production based on the gross revenue forecast. 3. This system can control the quantity of production as well as the monitoring of inventories. 4. This system is able to generate reports which exit be send to different department as their source of information.Scope and LimitationsThe system has limited its coverage on the manufacturing entity only. Its main purpose is to help the entity in planning and scheduling production. The system covered only the production processes and generation of reports wherein other depa rtment will get information. It will not be effective on change and marketing purposes or in other department works.Significance of the Study1. The system supports the production or operation function.2. The system fastens all activities concerned with planning and control of process producing goods and services. 3. The beneficiary of the system is the entity itself.EntitiesSales DepartmentAccounting DepartmentWarehouseSuppliersDelivering DepartmentStep by Step Process1. stack away Data- is the process of gathering data that can be used in planning production. 2. Analysis of Data- is a process of examining, cleaning, transforming, and modelling data into useful information and supporting decision making process. 1. Designing of Product2. Determining inadequate raw materials3. Sourcing of Raw Materials- It is the process of purchasing inadequate raw materials which are mandatory in the production and a prerequisite in scheduling production.1. Make Order2. Make PaymentsProduction- i t is the process of converting raw materials into other materials or finished goods that will be sell in the market.Generates Reports- making of essential reports about production that will be passed to another department for the formulation of financial statement and in order to know what portion of the finished goods are available for sale.

Flowers for Algernon Essay

If you were given the chance to triple your intelligence through surgery would you? In the story Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes, is about a man named Charlie Gordon who has a low I.Q. and has a chance to triple it through surgery. He is a 37 year former(a) man and is keeping a diary to bring out if he will be used for the surgery. In this book two doctors give Charlie a chance to triple his intelligence through surgery. Charlie should not cling the surgery because nobody likes him, everyone feel sorry, and he eventually gets shed of being smart.Charlie should not apply had the surgery because nobody likes him when hes so smart. When he is smart no one can understand him. Everybody seems frightened of me. (232) At this time Charlie has had the surgery and he is so smart everyone is afraid of him. If he didnt have this surgery everyone wouldnt be frightened by Charlie. Because of this surgery Charlie lost his job. They have driven me out of the factory. (235) Here Charlies w orkers dont want him at the factory anymore. Ever since he had the surgery bad things have happened. Nobody wants anything to do with Charlie. People dont talk to me or kid around like they used to. (232) Charlie is now finding out that no one likes him when hes smart just because they cant understand him. Without the surgery he would still have friends.Since Charlie got the surgery it caused him to lose all the memory gained from the surgery. Because of the reason, he should not have had the surgery. Charlie has a job at the factory and Everyone feels sorry for me at the factory. (245) Without the surgery Charlie would not have lost his memory causing everyone to feel sorry. Charlie is finding that no one likes him and everyone feels bad. Charlie had an adult teacher Ms. Kinnian, since he lost his memory he went there and She ran out of the room crying. (243) This quote also shows everyones sorrow towards Charlie. During this quote Charlie lost his memory and went back to his old c lass. Charlie shouldnt have had the surgery because everyone feels sorry for him and he lost all his friends. Without the surgery, he would never have lost his memory and friends.The final reason why he should not have had the surgery, because he eventually sick of being smart. He had a job that he liked and since he had the surgery he doesnt want to be smart, so he stop his job. Ive quit my job at Domangans Plastic Box Company. (234) This is showing Charlie becoming depressed. Without the subroutine Charlie would still be living happily and would never have quit his job. Charlie had the surgery because he wanted to become smarter, but now he feels differently. I dont want to be smart anymore (243) When he had the surgery he had overcome his low I.Q., but he eventually became to a fault smart and no one understood him. They thought he was odd, so nobody spoke to him. He became sick of being smart and wanted to not be smart. If he didnt have the surgery he would have never wanted to not be smart.Charlie should never have had the surgery, because he gets sick of being smart, nobody cares for him, and everyone feels bad about him. The key points why he should not have had the surgery are, he lost his memory from the surgery, he quit his only job at the box company, plus nobody even understands him, hes so smart. To conclude, these reasons clearly show why Charlie should not have had the surgery.

Euroland Foods Essay

Executive SummaryEuroland foods is a steadfast name in the trade, it has grown well in the market over the years, just now it is planning to allocate the calculate for the newly planned activities which are costing it much than 300 Million Euros besides the order has to gift only 120 Million Euros. Various people from the upper management dumbfound come up with their proffers for investment, few of them are very good and are acceptable in just a twinkle of the eye but many of them require greater search and evaluation for their validity. It is suggestible to first appraise the alternatives and then rank them so that best of the activities could take place within the allocated bud sterilize.Strengths & WeaknessesIn replacement and expansion of the truck fleet, the party discount increase the come in of goods hauled on the truck and this could reduce the theodolite cost in the long run, yet it could possibly have a greater market coverage but it is very costly to go for this option as Klink is not doing any experiment and going at once for 100 new trucks. The acquisition of new graft is although a good option but yet it is not very useful option as the investment in the entire plant can be risky and can put a lot of burden on the entire companys budget, it is suggested that the company should buy a warehouse to support the growing get hold ofs of the customers for ice plane and yogurt. An different problem would be related to the labor hiring which would result in more be.The expansion of the plant is a good idea as the market needs are completely growing and cannot be supported by any other plant, the plant capacity would increase by 20% but the drawback is that it is supporting those products that are not having the highest share i-e mineral urine and fruit juices. Morin has come up with a good suggestion as the processing of dried fruit and its launch would enhance the companys portfolio and also it would be a brand extension, it has got a fair possibility of growth as atomic number 63 is a cold region, the IRR is also expected to be higher than the required but then over again it is requiring company to spend much more then it should spend. Also it can take the company divulge of budget as the companys occurrent concern should be about the stability of its current activities.Leyden has come up with a good idea of plant automation and conveyer system, this could reduce the need of the labor and the threats of lawsuit due to any injury that whitethorn take place because of the old plant. The company cannot only reduce the labor requirements but also may increase the market penetration as the units would be produced more efficiently now. The drawback is again related to the high costs and further the company may disappoint the labor which could be unethical and can bring agitation in labor against the company.The outgoing water treatment at four of the plants is again good action since it is categorizing the E uroland foods as environmental friendly. This would add on itself as strength to the company as now company would be working ethically in many ways. The drawback is related to the issue of investing in a non-functioning area, which would not bring any profits. Ponti has although suggested to fly high the market to southwards and eastwards, but it is dependent on many specifys such(prenominal) as if proposal of early plant extension would not accepted then it is possible for the company to incur greater costs for reaching those newly recognized areas, further it is not suggested to go for them because the company has already got itself in other hassles and it should look at those points which could further strengthen it position in the current positions.Morin has come under the printing press of competitors and is thinking about the companys well being, but yet there lies the problem with such a heavy investment, the company should always test market the product. Although it wou ld be the product development to almost good extent but at the same time it can cause the company to well-to-do big money in something which it is not sure about. Klink has come up with a wonderful suggestion of networking, these days the markets are radixd on programs such as SAP which can control any activity of the company, if the efficiency would be there then the company may take more initiatives as it would think ahead.The weakness is again related to the increased responsibility which can cause disturbance and further it can result in unemployment as many of the activities would be performed with the help of networking. Humbolt has given a root word which suits his nature and he has again provided the company with something that could increase the liability of the company and further create more complexed problems for it. However, it seems to be very lucrative but it is all about the management capability of the company which is not appropriate in relation to such extens ion.Ranking the final causes correspond to my analysis, proposal 3 (plant extension) should be class-conscious first as it has a fair possibility of increasing the market share for those products that are stable from a period and are not growing (mineral water, fruit juices). device 4 (snack foods) should be stratified second as it has got a fair possibility of market acceptance due to weather condition in Europe. Proposal 5 (Plan automation) should be ranked third as it can reduce the number of employees and other threats and can bring more profits in.Proposal 10 (Networking) should be ranked poop as it can increase efficiency and so can reduce the number of positions in the company. Proposal 6 (Effluent water treatment) should be ranked fifth as it is environmental friendly and good moral philosophy is good business. Proposal 1 (Truck fleet) should be ranked sixth as it is requiring a select investment for 100 trucks where as the company should look for such changes in a sl ow manner. Proposal 9 (Sweetened yogurt) should be ranked seventh as it is very risky as it would take a lot of research and can distract the firm from its other stability objectives.Proposal 2 (new plant) should be ranked eighth as it would associate exceeding costs with it such as new labor, transportation and many other costs. Proposal 7 & 8 (market extension southward and eastward) should be ranked ninth and tenth as it is again distracting the company from its current objectives and its too risky as the entering market characteristics are opposite and against the companys favor. Proposal 11 (Schnapps) should be ranked eleventh as it is completing out of the scope of the companys feasibility.Effluent Water TreatmentSince the effluent water is just something the company is willing to acquire as a mean to have good in the public eye(predicate) relations and to be able to contribute to the environment. It is just something which cannot bring company the profits, it would cost 6 o ne thousand thousand Euros if the facility equipment would be purchased now but later on it can be costly and political science at times does affect the companys investing powers. So it is better to buy this equipment in the first place the government makes it a mandatory for the company to buy it.ConclusionThe ranking shown above is itself suggesting what should be done. According to the analysis, proposal 1, 3, 4, 5, & 6 should be given utmost importance as it is feasible for the company to get them done within the allocated budget, so Mr. Verdin should give them more importance and recommend them to the board. They can also make the current position of the company stable and perhaps make it more efficient. Other projects have their own importance but they are not triggering the initial need of the company which is stability. The mentioned proposals would make the base of the companys structure sounder and so it can look forward for other proposals in the future time period with more ease.

Against the Machiavellian Principles of Politics Essay

According to Machiavelli, the affairs of the differentiate reside in the power of the prince. It is the prince which meets, directs, and unifies the comp unmatchednts of the state. The prince therefore should act to preserve, strengthen, and protect his position from danger, whether external or internal, without payable object lesson devotion. In short, with the preservation of the state in mind, the prince should act with governmental diligence to promote it, regardless of the means.According to Machiavelli, he who considers what ought to be done rather what is done will rather find himself in a state of ruin than preservation (Machiavelli, 29). Political action free from any moral consideration is base from three assumptions 1) Human nature is corrupt and selfish. It is impossible for the prince to satisfy all the needs of the pile without injuring the welf atomic number 18 of others. The citizenry is of all time eager to overthrow their government, to mock the instrument s of the state, and to criticize the actions of the prince, whenever their interests (whether political or economic) are affected.According to Machiavelli, Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you break through they are yours entirely they will offer you their blood, property, life and children, as is said above, when the need is far impertinent tho when it approaches they turn against you (Machiavelli, 29) 2) Morality and holiness just limit the actions of the prince. In fact, when fortune fades away, the prince may plow unable to defend himself from disconcerting threats.It is therefore important, according to Machiavelli, for the prince to guard himself as from a rock and he should endeavour to see in his actions greatness, courage, gravity, and fortitude and in his private dealings with his subjects let him show that his judgments are irrevocable, and maintain himself in such reputat ion that no one can hope either to lead on him or to get round him (Machiavelli, 32). The prince should endeavour to show himself as the bearer of righteousness, fidelity, and religion, without endangering his own power. This impression is only used to preserve the power of the state.Only in this way can religion and morality be twisted for the benefit of the prince 3) The success of a prince is never solely dependent on law, morality, or religion. just abouttimes, political success is achieved by political magic trick, alteration of political favors, and in general by arms. It is therefore incumbent for the prince to use these instruments to preserve the instruments of the state. It is this condition that the position of a prince who took the state by arms is much to a greater extent endangered than that of a prince appointed by the people or the Church.To preserve his power, the prince must take moral considerations and religion as only instruments of that purpose. General Cr itique In high society to provide a more than comprehensive criticism against Machiavellian politics, there is a need to draw important propositions from different thinkers and theories. Some of the selected philosophers and companionable theorists are as follows St. Thomas Aquinas, Immanuel Kant, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. According to Aquinas, morality and religion are necessary instruments for the boldness of the state.In his book De Regnum (On Kinship), Aquinas argued that it is always necessary for the ruler to take the precedents of moral and religious obligations as a means to please Divine justice (Curtis, 431). For Aquinas, the foundation of the state is divine in orientation. It is founded by the grace of the Divine Being (who willed the creation of the state after mans fall). A prince who disregards the religion and morality disregards the Creator. Aquinas here does not disregard the necessity of preserving the power of the state. What Aquinas emphasized is the excess es of unscrupulous rule a condition which would be punished by God.For Aquinas, a wide-cut prince will always be favored by God (and preserve his base of power). Rousseau argued that morality is borne out of the so-called social contract. The people gathered to appoint a ruler who would promote their interests. The ruler has the following obligations 1) to protect the people from threats, 2) to maintain peace and order, 3) to promote solidarity and good governance, and 4) to relinquish power whenever the people chooses a new ruler. A ruler who fails to accomplish these tasks would lose his position.The state, however, would remain intact because the instrument of power resides not in the prince but in the people. According to Rousseau, a prince who put all the instruments of power in his hands is more possible to fall than a prince who measure his authority based on public will. Montesquieu offered a more comminuted and comprehensive understanding of the position of the prince. According to him, an unruly rebellion of the people is tantamount to political disobedience a violation of the law of the land. This instance applies only if two conditions are met. First, the ruler does not show any violation of the law.And second, the people unlawfully breaks the social contract and sought to depose a good government. In short, according to Montesquieu, there is no need for a ruler to follow the Machiavellian principles because the law is the manifestation of social and moral obligation, the codec of ethics (Curtis, 613). Here, one may infer that the actions of the ruler should be based solely on this criterion. A ruler who follows the law would never fall in disgrace. Using Kants universal moral standards (in his book Prolegomena), one can create a set of moral standards which would be used in judging the actions of a ruler.First, one should determine whether the consequence and intensity of political actions. If a political decision disfranchises a significant portion of the population, such decision is illegitimate (not morally neutral). Second, one may determine the means by which decisions are carried out. Here, legality is an important factor. Third, one may determine whether the actions of the state are in congruent with accepted international standards of morality. Here, an external standard is added in order to ensure the moral efficacy of the state in all levels.The proper enforcement of these external standards is either left-hand(a) to the disposition of international agencies or to the efficacy of treaties. In short, internal political standards of morality are compel by the state (the people serve as the watch guard of the state). Machiavellian concepts of political deception and moral neutrality have no standing in this type of political set-up. Works Cited Curtis, Michael. The corking Political Theories. New York Avon Books, 1981. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. by W. K. Marriott. New York Macmillan Publishing C ompany, 1995.

Emerging issues Essay

Jfracking consumer behavior is vituperative for a marketing department of whatever company that creates products for the public. Depending on the part of situation being sold, distinguishable behaviors ordain be exhibited by well-nigh consumers. A more high-ticket(prenominal) item that has many differences in the midst of the brands go out cause a distinguishable behavior than an inexpensive item that is purchased all the time.Understanding these differences dope magic spell the difference between a successful product travail and an unsuccessful one. if the company fails to stinger their customers successfully theracking consumer behavior is critical for a marketing department of any company that creates products for the public.Depending on the type of item being sold, different behaviors will be exhibited by most consumers. A more expensive item that has many differences between the brands will cause a different behavior than an inexpensive item that is purchased all the time. Understanding these differences can spell the difference between a successful product campaign and an unsuccessful one. if the company fails to track their customers successfully theracking consumer behavior is critical for a marketing department of any company that creates products for the public.Depending on the type of item being sold, different behaviors will be exhibited by most consumers. A more expensive item that has many differences between the brands will cause a different behavior than an inexpensive item that is purchased all the time. Understanding these differences can spell thedifference between a successful product campaign and an unsuccessful one. if the company fails to track their customers successfully theracking consumer behavior is critical for a marketing department of any company that creates products for the public.Depending on the type of item being sold, different behaviors will be exhibited by most consumers. A more expensive item that has many differences between the brands will cause a different behavior than an inexpensive item that is purchased all the time. Understanding these differences can spell the difference between a successful product campaign and an unsuccessful one. if the company fails to track their customers successfully the

Article Critique on Sikolohiyang Filipino Essay

As normative concept, psychology workplace differs across because of different ethnical backgrounds and basis. As Sikolohiyang Filipino evolved and continues its education, it makes a mark on the world psychology as it become a breakthrough to it. Despite of its greatest oponent The American Psychology. This will extensively support the study of Virgilio G. Enriquez close Pagkataong Pilipino- The cherish System of Philippine Psychology. Because I always wonder what value or values we should practice inorder to produce a non-violence living?If ever, we could identify this values, how could we imply this equally? Without any doubts after implementing it? BODY As say earlier Sikolohiyang Filipino has become a breakthrough to world psychology. Because it basis everything from history, language, art and common take of the people. And as it became a first indegeneous psychology ever thought at a university. We psychology students who engage been studying some of this values and how thus this affect fillipino finishing. On our study we encounter lots of write-ups about Sikolohiyang Filipino.That the basis of sikolohiyang Philippine has been influenced by lots of cultures from other countries some from Western the others from Eastern and ither Asian countries. Because of the colonialization brought to our demesne by other countries large time ago. That it become an breakthrough for world psychology. Culture. For me it plays a lot in the study of sikolohiyang filipino, because it refers to the practices and traditions that be possessed of been handed down from generation to generation. just then Change is the only permanent wave thing in this world.And what it trying to prove is that culture changes. It was not very difficult to prove on the generation right directly. Lets start from the clothes they wear from the barot saya beforehand influenced by the spanished colonial. Right now we had this skinny jeans, mini skirt, spaghetti strapped dress and lots more influenced by the american. And since we all feel that we are know on the age of global technology where typewiters has been changed by computers and laptops, where snail mail evolved to electronic mails and cellular phones. That before it was just a WANT and now it became a NEED.Filipino culture is no exception. Filipino culture have indeed have changed through time. The Philippines is now the text capital of the world because we are the boorish that sends the most number of text messages per day. Like how our culture did. That the before basis Three Core fantasy of the values of the Phillipine Personality Theory the Kapwa, Pakiramdam and Kagandahang loob that has been interpreted as share identity, share inner perception and shared humanity must be change. And its greatest winning oponent Kalayaan.That this basis was just now only a part of the history of Sikolohiyang Filipino. That it may be remembered once more. Because like technology and lifestyle, sikolohiyang filip ino must evolved too and marry the new generation. We may erase or preserve and just add another basis. But before this happen we need a lot of studies to conduct of what are the factors of having this kind of culture or behaviorism. But now is for us to prove that Sikolohiyang Filipino still present and existing, that maybe some ways of filipino living may change but then we can preseve some of its importance.Value the contributions of this. And implement it again slowly and one by one. Maybe it needs a hard work angd a long time before having it back again but then we need to do it. To prove that we have our own. Originally our OWN REFERECE Indegeneous Filipino Values A Foundation for a Culture of Non-Violence by report prepared for the forum Towards A Culture of Non Violence,by Katrin de Guia, Ph. D. , author of Kapwa The Self in the Other, 2005 , Anvil issue Inc. , pasig, M. M. Virgilio G.Enriquez Pagkataong Filipino-TheValue System of Philippine Psychology (From Colonial Li berationPsychology (U. P. Pree, C. C. , 1992) Nemzky Rethinking of Filipino Values (August 2012)from study mode. com IreMae1, Filipino Psychology (U. P. , November 2012)from study mode. com Kai0990, Understanding Filipino Psychology A Thought Paper from study mode. com Cracken, Filipino Psychology (July 2012) from study mode. com Andrea M. Bautista, Filipino Psychology (March 5, 2012) from study mode. com.

Ethical behavior Essay

iodin of the primary rules of conduct in the medical profession is First, do no harm, and it is upon this directive that most matters of morality in medicine can be grounded. respectable behavior rests on this principle. It is the norm and is what is expected from every last(predicate) relates and nurses. For instance, providing a patient with all relevant information to enable him to make an informed decision on whether to undergo surgery or not is considered honourable and proper.Most unethical behavior, on the other hand, stems from a desire for profit, although the actual participants (nurses, in particular) in an unethical act may only be fetching part to preserve their job. A blatant (although unlikely) example of unethical behavior in a doctor would be the performance of surgery while under the influence of alcohol or another affectionateness that adversely affects mental functions. Another is the recommendation and performance of unnecessary surgery (where simpler tre atments would have sufficed) for extra profit.For umteen doctors and nurses, committing ethical or unethical acts is partly a matter of conforming to their organizations rules. Ethical dilemmas relate directly to the organizational effectiveness of the system of doctors and nurses who work togetherparticipation in ethical and unethical acts has a direct bearing on the efficiency of this system. In the case of routine circumcision, for example, a doctor may choose to continue encouraging new parents to get their babies circumcised because it would mean extra profit, in spite of the misgivings of his fellow doctors.However, it is not only the cooperative aspect of ethical and unethical behavior that is significant. regular(a) if all members of an organization agree to cooperate in unethical behavior, an awareness of the unethicality of their actions can leave a seriously negative impression on the organizations members, which could adversely affect their performance and frankincense render the organization much less than optimally efficient. It would therefore be towards the benefit of an organization to remain firm by practices that are generally considered ethical.

Study case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Study depicted object - Essay ExampleThere is the well-recognized need to retain Vladimir, to get him to co-operate with colleagues and dispense with non-performers. Viewed from this perspective, the suggestion to bring in saucily talent and to put the non-performers on notice is a good strategy to reduce the ostracise effects of intergroup conflict. In other words, we are creating a situational change by this strategy. To make this strategy work, it is inhibit to involve him in the selection and the induction process for the new recruits. This would increase the acquaintance potential of the police squad and provide a chance for better appreciation of the teams shared goal. This would be an quick recognition of Vladimirs talents, send the right message to others, besides thrusting additional responsibility on him.The suggestion to retain 6 top performers at the end of a defined period of formulation of the 5 new recruits serves the dual objectives of be fair but firm with th e entire team new as well as the existing. There will be natural attrition which is always a possibility even without this strategy. By declaring the notice period and the final intentions openly, a healthy competition is being created that would raise the co-operation and performance levels in the team, and willOne possible risk in this strategy is that Vladimir dexterity become more arrogant and consider himself indispensible. However, since the attempt is to put together a much first-rate team, the disparity between him and others will reduce further, he is being made responsible for his teams performance or failure. These changes will mellow his behavior. This aspect can also be further fortify by periodic counseling process which is so essential in any conflict

FINANCIAL INFORMATION COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ASSIGNMENT - Coursework Examplenancial statements as it provides reliance upon the business which is conducted by the caller-out during the yr and the user of the financial statement, which chamberpot be a shareholder, lender, prospective investor or even employee of the community, can place faith in the fair statement of the affairs presented in it.The ratios of the ships company, that summarize the performance of the company during the year and previous year, are provided and an in-depth analysis over the results based on the calculated ratios is carried out.The company has kept up(p) its ratio of profitability since the last year as the company had a gross profit and mesh topology profit margin of 7.76% and 3.96% last year respectively which was increased marginally to 8.1% and 4.1% respectively. This shows that the company is showing a good bit of increase in its already good profitability.The liquidity management of the company is in good health if w e consider the particular industry to which the company belongs to as the retail business heavens operates with low liquidity. The company has maintained a live ratio of around 0.75 in both the years.The gear ratio is quite satisfactory as the company has managed to keep the gearing debt to equity ratio at a lower place the standard 1 which indicates that the company is more dependent on equity pay as compared to debt finance which is a good sign for any company.The share price of the company at the end of the current financial year was 4.2 per share while the share price at the end of the 2009 financial year was 3.33 per share. Therefore the increase in the share price since then is over 20%.The return on Equity has declined marginally in the year 2010 as compared to 2009 even though the profit margin of the company has increased. The main cause of the decline is the decline in the Assets leverage. The assets of the company have increased but not in the same proportion as comp ared to last year.If the Return on Equity is calculated by ignoring the equity